Class 11th Informatics Practices Notes: Exam Preparation Made Easy Unit-1

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Unit 1: Computer Systems


Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Systems

Definition of a Computer:

A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, stores it, and produces output. It can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks.

_Characteristics of a Computer_:

- Automatic: performs tasks on its own

- Electronic: uses electronic components

- Programmable: can be programmed to perform tasks

- Versatile: can perform a wide range of tasks

- Speed: processes information quickly

- Accuracy: produces accurate results

- Storage: stores large amounts of data

_Types of Computers_:

- Desktop: personal computer for individual use

- Laptop: portable computer for personal use

- Tablet: touch-sensitive computer for personal use

- Smartphone: handheld computer with phone capabilities

Evolution of computing devices:

*Abacus (3000 BC)*

- Manual calculation device

- Used for basic arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction

- Beads on wires used for counting and calculations

*Mechanical Computers (18th century)*

- Calculating machines

- Used for scientific and mathematical calculations

- Examples: Pascaline, Charles Babbage's Difference Engine

*Electronic Computers (20th century)*

- *Vacuum Tubes (1946)*

    - ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

    - First general-purpose electronic computer

    - Used for scientific and military applications

- *Transistors (1959)*

    - Smaller, faster, and more reliable than vacuum tubes

    - Led to the development of smaller and more efficient computers

- *Integrated Circuits (1965)*

    - Microprocessors

    - Combined multiple transistors and components on a single chip

- *Microprocessors (1971)*

    - Intel 4004

    - First commercial microprocessor

    - Led to the development of personal computers

*Personal Computers (1975)*

- Apple I and IBM PC

- First personal computers for individual use

- Popularized computing for the masses

*Laptops (1981)*

- Portable computers

- First laptop: IBM PC Convertible

- Led to mobile computing and remote work

*Smartphones (2007)*

- Handheld computers with phone capabilities

- First smartphone: iPhone

- Combined computing, communication, and entertainment

NEXT



Class 11th Informatics Practices Notes:Unit-2

Class 11th Informatics Practices Notes:Unit-3

Class 11th Informatics Practices Notes:Unit-4




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