Computer Science Class 11: Unit-1 MCQs Part-2

 

History of computer

1. Who is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer?

a) Charles Babbage

b) Ada Lovelace

c) Alan Turing

d) Jacquard

Answer: a) Charles Babbage

Explanation: Charles Babbage designed and partially built the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine, which are considered the first mechanical computers. He is widely regarded as the father of computing.

2. Which of the following was NOT a feature of Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine?

a) Input device

b) Processing unit

c) Storage unit

d) Internet connectivity

Answer: d) Internet connectivity

Explanation: The Analytical Engine had a input device (cards), a processing unit (mill), and a storage unit (store), but it did not have internet connectivity, as the concept of internet did not exist at that time.

3. Who is considered the first programmer due to her work on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine?

a) Ada Lovelace

b) Grace Hopper

c) Margaret Hamilton

d) Radia Perlman

Answer: a) Ada Lovelace

Explanation: Ada Lovelace is considered the first programmer because she wrote the first algorithm intended to be processed by a machine (the Analytical Engine), making her the first person to recognize the potential of the machine to go beyond mere calculation.

4. Which generation of computers used vacuum tubes?

a) First generation

b) Second generation

c) Third generation

d) Fourth generation

Answer: a) First generation

Explanation: The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes, which were bulky and unreliable. These computers were developed in the 1940s and 1950s.

5. What was the name of the first electronic computer developed in the 1940s?

a) ENIAC

b) UNIVAC

c) EDSAC

d) EDVAC

Answer: a) ENIAC

Explanation: ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic computer, developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. It was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army.

6. What was the main advantage of the stored-program concept in computers?

a) Faster processing speed

b) Increased storage capacity

c) Ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously

d) Ability to store programs and data in the computer's memory

Answer: d) Ability to store programs and data in the computer's memory

Explanation: The stored-program concept, introduced in the 1940s, allowed programs and data to be stored in the computer's memory, making it possible for the computer to execute programs without human intervention.

7. Which of the following computers was the first commercial computer?

a) UNIVAC 1

b) ENIAC

c) EDSAC

d) EDVAC

Answer: a) UNIVAC 1

Explanation: UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first commercially available computer, released in 1951. It was designed for business applications and used magnetic tapes for storage.

8. Who developed the programming language COBOL?

a) Grace Hopper

b) Ada Lovelace

c) Alan Turing

d) Konrad Zuse

Answer: a) Grace Hopper

Explanation: Grace Hopper developed COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) in the 1950s and 1960s. COBOL was designed for business applications and became one of the most widely used programming languages.

9. What was the main feature of the third generation of computers?

a) Use of transistors

b) Use of integrated circuits

c) Use of magnetic tapes

d) Use of vacuum tubes

Answer: b) Use of integrated circuits

Explanation: The third generation of computers (1964-1975) used integrated circuits, which are a collection of electronic components on a single chip of semiconductor material. This led to smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.

10. Who is credited with developing the concept of the algorithm?

a) Alan Turing

b) Ada Lovelace

c) Charles Babbage

d) Al-Khwarizmi

Answer: d) Al-Khwarizmi

Explanation: Al-Khwarizmi, a Persian mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of the algorithm in the 9th century. He wrote a book on algebraic methods that introduced the concept of a step-by-step procedure for solving equations.

Let me know if you want more questions!

[16/07, 3:59 PM] Meta AI: Here are some additional multiple-choice questions with explanations based on the chapter "History of Computing" from the 11th grade NCERT Computer Science textbook:

11. Which of the following computers was the first commercial computer?

a) UNIVAC 1

b) ENIAC

c) EDSAC

d) EDVAC

Answer: a) UNIVAC 1

Explanation: UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first commercially available computer, released in 1951. It was designed for business applications and used magnetic tapes for storage.

13. Which generation of computers used transistors?

a) First generation

b) Second generation

c) Third generation

d) Fourth generation

Answer: b) Second generation

Explanation: The second generation of computers used transistors, which replaced vacuum tubes. Transistors were smaller, faster, and more reliable, leading to smaller and more efficient computers.

14. What was the name of the first high-level programming language?

a) Plankalkül

b) Short Code

c) Assembly Language

d) Fortran

Answer: a) Plankalkül

Explanation: Plankalkül was the first high-level programming language, developed by German mathematician Kurt Gödel in 1946. It was designed for logical reasoning and problem-solving.

15. Who proposed the concept of the stored-program computer?

a) John von Neumann

b) Alan Turing

c) Charles Babbage

d) Ada Lovelace

Answer: a) John von Neumann

Explanation: John von Neumann proposed the concept of the stored-program computer, where the program and data are stored in the computer's memory. This design became the basis for modern computer architecture.

Let me know if you want more questions!

[16/07, 3:59 PM] Meta AI: Here are some additional multiple-choice questions with explanations based on the chapter "History of Computing" from the 11th grade NCERT Computer Science textbook:

16. What was the main contribution of Alan Turing to the field of computer science?

a) Development of the first computer

b) Design of the first programming language

c) Concept of the algorithm

d) Turing Machine and the concept of computability

Answer: d) Turing Machine and the concept of computability

Explanation: Alan Turing's 1936 paper introduced the Turing Machine, a theoretical model of computation that explored the limits of computation and introduced the concept of computability.

17. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the fourth generation of computers?

a) Use of microprocessors

b) Use of personal computers

c) Use of artificial intelligence

d) Use of vacuum tubes

Answer: d) Use of vacuum tubes

Explanation: The fourth generation of computers (1975-1989) saw the widespread use of microprocessors, personal computers, and artificial intelligence. Vacuum tubes were used in the first generation of computers.

18. Who developed the first high-level programming language, Plankalkül?

a) Konrad Zuse

b) Alan Turing

c) Ada Lovelace

d) Grace Hopper

Answer: a) Konrad Zuse

Explanation: Konrad Zuse developed Plankalkül in the 1940s, which is considered the first high-level programming language. It was designed for his Z3 and Z4 computers.

19. What was the main advantage of the development of microprocessors?

a) Increased processing speed

b) Reduced cost

c) Increased storage capacity

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Microprocessors, introduced in the 1970s, led to a significant increase in processing speed, reduced cost, and increased storage capacity, revolutionizing the computer industry.

20. Which of the following computers was the first to use a graphical user interface (GUI)?

a) Apple I

b) Apple II

c) Macintosh 128k

d) IBM PC

Answer: c) Macintosh 128k

Explanation: The Macintosh 128k, released in 1984, was the first commercially successful computer to popularize the graphical user interface (GUI), making it easy for non-technical users to interact with computers.

Let me know if you want more questions!

[16/07, 3:59 PM] Meta AI: Here are some additional multiple-choice questions with explanations based on the chapter "History of Computing" from the 11th grade NCERT Computer Science textbook:

21. Which of the following is a characteristic of a von Neumann machine?

a) Separate storage for program and data

b) Combined storage for program and data

c) Use of vacuum tubes

d) Use of transistors

Answer: b) Combined storage for program and data

Explanation: A von Neumann machine, also known as a stored-program computer, stores both program and data in the same memory, unlike earlier computers that used separate storage for program and data.

22. Who developed the programming language FORTRAN?

a) Grace Hopper

b) John Backus

c) Ada Lovelace

d) Alan Turing

Answer: b) John Backus

Explanation: John Backus led the team that developed FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslating system) in the 1950s, which became one of the most widely used programming languages for scientific and engineering applications.

23. What was the main feature of the computer generation that followed the microprocessor-based generation?

a) Artificial intelligence

b) Internet and networking

c) Personal computers

d) Mainframe computers

Answer: b) Internet and networking

Explanation: The generation that followed the microprocessor-based generation ( fourth generation) is characterized by the widespread use of internet and networking technologies, leading to the development of the World Wide Web and global connectivity.

24. Which of the following computers was the first to use a mouse and graphical user interface (GUI)?

a) Apple I

b) Apple II

c) Macintosh 128k

d) Xerox Alto

Answer: d) Xerox Alto

Explanation: The Xerox Alto, developed in 1973, was the first computer to popularize the use of a mouse and graphical user interface (GUI), although it was not commercially successful. The Macintosh 128k later popularized GUI for the masses.

25. Who is credited with developing the concept of the internet?

a) Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn

b) Alan Turing and Ada Lovelace

c) Grace Hopper and John Backus

d) Charles Babbage and John von Neumann

Answer: a) Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn

Explanation: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn designed the basic architecture of the internet in the 1970s, developing the TCP/IP protocol that enables data communication over the internet.

[16/07, 4:07 PM] Meta AI: Here are some additional multiple-choice questions with explanations based on the chapter "History of Computing" from the 11th grade NCERT Computer Science textbook:

1. Which of the following is an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

a) Computer-aided design (CAD)

b) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

c) Expert systems

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has various applications, including expert systems (which mimic human decision-making), computer-aided design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).

1. Who developed the first successful commercial computer, UNIVAC 1?

a) John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

b) Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace

c) Alan Turing and Al-Khwarizmi

d) Grace Hopper and John Backus

Answer: a) John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

Explanation: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert developed the UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer), which was the first commercially successful computer, released in 1951.

1. What was the main feature of the microprocessor-based generation of computers?

a) Use of vacuum tubes

b) Use of transistors

c) Use of integrated circuits

d) Use of microprocessors

Answer: d) Use of microprocessors

Explanation: The microprocessor-based generation (fourth generation) saw the widespread use of microprocessors, which are central processing units (CPUs) contained on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip.

1. Who is credited with developing the concept of the algorithm?

a) Al-Khwarizmi

b) Alan Turing

c) Ada Lovelace

d) Charles Babbage

Answer: a) Al-Khwarizmi

Explanation: Al-Khwarizmi, a Persian mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of the algorithm in the 9th century. He wrote a book on algebraic methods that introduced the concept of a step-by-step procedure for solving equations.

1. Which of the following computers was the first to use a hard disk drive (HDD)?

a) IBM PC

b) Apple II

c) Macintosh 128k

d) IBM 305 RAMAC

Answer: d) IBM 305 RAMAC

Explanation: The IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control), released in 1956, was the first computer to use a hard disk drive (HDD) for data storage.

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a microprocessor?

a) It is a single chip that contains the entire CPU.

b) It is a separate chip that contains only the memory.

c) It is a combination of several chips that make up the CPU.

d) It is a type of software that controls the computer.

Answer: a) It is a single chip that contains the entire CPU.

Explanation: A microprocessor is a single integrated circuit (IC) chip that contains the entire central processing unit (CPU), including the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers, and control unit.

1. Who developed the first programming language, Plankalkül?

a) Konrad Zuse

b) Alan Turing

c) Ada Lovelace

d) Grace Hopper

Answer: a) Konrad Zuse

Explanation: Konrad Zuse developed Plankalkül in the 1940s, which is considered the first high-level programming language.

1. What was the main feature of the computer generation that followed the microprocessor-based generation?

a) Artificial intelligence

b) Internet and networking

c) Personal computers

d) Mainframe computers

Answer: b) Internet and networking

Explanation: The generation that followed the microprocessor-based generation (fourth generation) is characterized by the widespread use of internet and networking technologies, leading to the development of the World Wide Web and global connectivity.

1. Which of the following computers was the first to use a graphical user interface (GUI)?

a) Apple I

b) Apple II

c) Macintosh 128k

d) Xerox Alto

Answer: d) Xerox Alto

Explanation: The Xerox Alto, developed in 1973, was the first computer to popularize the use of a graphical user interface (GUI), although it was not commercially successful.

1. Who is credited with developing the concept of the World Wide Web?

a) Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn

b) Tim Berners-Lee

c) Alan Turing and Al-Khwarizmi

d) Grace Hopper and John Backus

Answer: b) Tim Berners-Lee

Explanation: Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989, which revolutionized the way people access and share information over the internet using web browsers and hyperlinks.

1. Which of the following is an advantage of the microprocessor-based generation of computers?

a) Increased size and weight

b) Decreased processing speed

c) Increased cost

d) Increased portability and reduced cost

Answer: d) Increased portability and reduced cost

Explanation: The microprocessor-based generation (fourth generation) saw a significant reduction in size and weight, leading to increased portability, and a decrease in cost, making computers more accessible to the masses.

1. Who developed the programming language COBOL?

a) Grace Hopper

b) John Backus

c) Ada Lovelace

d) Alan Turing

Answer: a) Grace Hopper

Explanation: Grace Hopper developed COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) in the 1950s and 1960s, which became one of the most widely used programming languages for business applications.

1. What was the main feature of the first generation of computers?

a) Use of transistors

b) Use of vacuum tubes

c) Use of integrated circuits

d) Use of microprocessors

Answer: b) Use of vacuum tubes

Explanation: The first generation of computers (1946-1959) used vacuum tubes, which were bulky and unreliable, but marked the beginning of the computer era.

1. Which of the following computers was the first to use a mouse and graphical user interface (GUI)?

a) Apple I

b) Apple II

c) Macintosh 128k

d) Xerox Alto

Answer: d) Xerox Alto

Explanation: The Xerox Alto, developed in 1973, was the first computer to popularize the use of a mouse and graphical user interface (GUI), although it was not commercially successful.

1. Who is credited with developing the concept of the algorithm?

a) Al-Khwarizmi

b) Alan Turing

c) Ada Lovelace

d) Charles Babbage

Answer: a) Al-Khwarizmi

Explanation: Al-Khwarizmi, a Persian mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of the algorithm in the 9th century, which is a step-by-step procedure for solving equations.

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of the fifth generation of computers?

a) Use of artificial intelligence and expert systems

b) Use of microprocessors and personal computers

c) Use of transistors and mainframe computers

d) Use of vacuum tubes and analog computers

Answer: a) Use of artificial intelligence and expert systems

Explanation: The fifth generation of computers (present day) is characterized by the use of artificial intelligence (AI), expert systems, and natural language processing.

1. Who developed the first successful commercial computer, UNIVAC 1?

a) John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

b) Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace

c) Alan Turing and Al-Khwarizmi

d) Grace Hopper and John Backus

Answer: a) John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

Explanation: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert developed the UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer), which was the first commercially successful computer, released in 1951.

1. What was the main feature of the computer generation that followed the microprocessor-based generation?

a) Artificial intelligence

b) Internet and networking

c) Personal computers

d) Mainframe computers

Answer: b) Internet and networking

Explanation: The generation that followed the microprocessor-based generation (fourth generation) is characterized by the widespread use of internet and networking technologies.

1. Which of the following computers was the first to use a graphical user interface (GUI)?

a) Apple I

b) Apple II

c) Macintosh 128k

d) Xerox Alto

Answer: d) Xerox Alto

Explanation: The Xerox Alto, developed in 1973, was the first computer to popularize the use of a graphical user interface (GUI).

1. Who is credited with developing the concept of the World Wide Web?

a) Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn

b) Tim Berners-Lee

c) Alan Turing and Al-Khwarizmi

d) Grace Hopper and John Backus

Answer: b) Tim Berners-Lee

Explanation: Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989, which revolutionized the way people access and share information over the internet.