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  Unit 3: Database concepts and the Structured Query Language  *Introduction to Database Concepts* - A database is a collection of organized data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. - Need for databases:     - To store and manage large amounts of data     - To provide quick access to data     - To ensure data consistency and accuracy     - To provide data security *Database Management System (DBMS)* - A DBMS is a software system that allows you to define, create, maintain, and manipulate databases. - Functions of DBMS:     - Data definition: defining the structure of the database     - Data manipulation: inserting, updating, and deleting data     - Data retrieval: querying and retrieving data     - Data security: controlling access to data     - Data backup and recovery: ensuring data safety *Key Features of DBMS* - Data independence: separating data from applications - Data redundancy control: minimizing data duplication - Data integrity: ensuring data accuracy and cons

 Unit 2: Introduction to Python *What is Python?* - High-level, interpreted programming language - Easy to learn and use - Versatile and widely used in various fields (web development, data science, machine learning, etc.) *Who invented Python?* - Guido van Rossum (Dutch computer programmer) - Started developing Python in 1989 - Released first version (Python 0.9.1) in 1991 - Named after the British comedy group Monty Python's Flying Circus - Guido van Rossum is still active in the Python community - The latest version of Python is version 3.12.4, which was released on June 6, 2024.  Install Python from official website Here are some benefits and applications of Python programming: 1. *Easy to Learn*: Python has a simple syntax and is relatively easy to learn, making it a great language for beginners. 2. *Versatile*: Python can be used for web development, data analysis, machine learning, automation, and more. 3. *Large Community*: Python has a large and active community, which mea

Unit 1: Computer Systems Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Systems Definition of a Computer: A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, stores it, and produces output. It can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks. _Characteristics of a Computer_: - Automatic: performs tasks on its own - Electronic: uses electronic components - Programmable: can be programmed to perform tasks - Versatile: can perform a wide range of tasks - Speed: processes information quickly - Accuracy: produces accurate results - Storage: stores large amounts of data _Types of Computers_ : - Desktop: personal computer for individual use - Laptop: portable computer for personal use - Tablet: touch-sensitive computer for personal use - Smartphone: handheld computer with phone capabilities Evolution of computing devices: *Abacus (3000 BC)* - Manual calculation device - Used for basic arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction - Beads on wires used for counting and calculations